Mechanical Properties
Table 2. Mechanical
properties of 316 grade stainless steels.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
316 |
515 |
205 |
40 |
95 |
217 |
316L |
485 |
170 |
40 |
95 |
217 |
316H |
515 |
205 |
40 |
95 |
217 |
Note:
316H also has a requirement for a grain size of ASTM no. 7 or coarser.
Physical Properties
Table 3. Typical
physical properties for 316 grade stainless steels.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
316/L/H |
8000 |
193 |
15.9 |
16.2 |
17.5 |
16.3 |
21.5 |
500 |
740 |
Grade Specification
Comparison
Table 4. Grade
specifications for 316 grade stainless steels.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
316 |
S31600 |
316S31 |
58H, 58J |
1.4401 |
X5CrNiMo17-12-2 |
2347 |
SUS 316 |
316L |
S31603 |
316S11 |
- |
1.4404 |
X2CrNiMo17-12-2 |
2348 |
SUS 316L |
316H |
S31609 |
316S51 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Note: These comparisons are approximate only.
The list is intended as a comparison of functionally similar materials
not as a schedule of contractual equivalents. If exact
equivalents are needed original specifications must be consulted.
Possible Alternative Grades
Table 5. Possible alternative grades to
316 stainless steel.
|
|
316Ti |
|
316N |
Higher strength than standard 316. |
317L |
Higher resistance to chlorides than 316L, but with similar
resistance to stress corrosion cracking. |
904L |
Much higher resistance to chlorides at elevated temperatures,
with good formability |
2205 |
Much higher resistance to chlorides at elevated temperatures,
and higher strength than 316 |
Corrosion Resistance
Excellent in a range of atmospheric environments and many corrosive
media - generally more resistant than 304. Subject to pitting and
crevice corrosion in warm chloride environments, and to stress corrosion
cracking above about 60¢XC. Considered resistant to potable water with up
to about 1000mg/L chlorides at ambient temperatures, reducing to about
500mg/L at 60¢XC.
316 is
usually regarded as the standard ¡§marine grade stainless steel¡¨, but it
is not resistant to warm sea water. In many marine environments 316 does
exhibit surface corrosion, usually visible as brown staining. This is
particularly associated with crevices and rough surface finish.
Heat Resistance
Good
oxidation resistance in intermittent service to 870¢XC and in continuous
service to 925¢XC. Continuous use of 316 in the 425-860¢XC range is not
recommended if subsequent aqueous corrosion resistance is important.
Grade 316L is more resistant to carbide precipitation and can be used in
the above temperature range. Grade 316H has higher strength at elevated
temperatures and is sometimes used for structural and
pressure-containing applications at temperatures above about 500¢XC.
Heat Treatment
Solution Treatment (Annealing) - Heat to 1010-1120¢XC and cool rapidly.
These grades cannot be hardened by thermal treatment.
Welding
Excellent weldability by all standard fusion methods, both with and
without filler metals. AS 1554.6 pre-qualifies welding of 316 with Grade
316 and 316L with Grade 316L rods or electrodes (or their high silicon
equivalents). Heavy welded sections in Grade 316 require post-weld
annealing for maximum corrosion resistance. This is not required for
316L. Grade 316Ti may also be used as an alternative to 316 for heavy
section welding.
Machining
A
¡§Ugima¡¨ improved machinability version of grade 316 is available in
round and hollow bar products. This machines significantly better than
standard 316 or 316L, giving higher machining rates and lower tool wear
in many operations.
Dual Certification
It is
common for 316 and 316L to be stocked in "Dual Certified" form - mainly
in plate and pipe. These items have chemical and mechanical properties
complying with both 316 and 316L specifications. Such dual certified
product does not meet 316H specification and may be unacceptable for
high temperature applications.
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